Purpose This article aims to evaluate the phytotoxic potential of metabolites present in the WASTE from sugarcane processing industry, such as vinasse, filter cake and bagasse, in order to reuse them as raw materials for the production of natural herbicides. Method Vinasse, filter cake and bagasse were submitted to different treatments, which originated 15 different samples. They were chemically identified by negative-ion mode electrospray ionization Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (ESI(-)FT-ICR MS), gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), and liquid chromatography– mass spectrometry (LC-MS). Furthermore, they were submitted to phytotoxic assays, and to total phenolic content determination. Correlation between chemical and biological methods was performed through chemometric analysis and multiple linear regression. Results From vinasse, dichloromethane (VDiCl) and ethyl acetate (VAcOEt) samples were the most phytotoxic fractions at the concentrations of 500 mg L-1 and 250 mg L-1. VDiCl inhibited L. sativa root growth by 72. 6% and 59. 7%, respectively, while VAcOEt inhibited by 62. 13% and 30. 67%, respectively. The IC50 values established for VDiCl e VAcOEt were 168. 4 mg L-1 e 262. 3 mg L-1, respectively. The set of analyzes provided evidence that the synergistic action between fatty acids and phenolic compounds was of paramount importance for greater phytotoxicity of fractions. Conclusion The results indicate that the WASTE from the sugarcane processing industry, especially vinasse, can be reused as raw material for the production of natural herbicides, minimizing the environmental risks of incorrect disposal.

The ability of rice husk (RH) to remove four different types of dye pollutants from WASTEwater—methylene blue, Congo red, brilliant green, and crystal violent—using various design parameters is the subject of this article. The initial concentration of the dye, the absorbance material packing height, which was RH, the pH of the dye solution feed inlet, the treatment time, the feed flow rate, and the feed temperature were the design parameters studied to adsorb the above four dyes using RH as an adsorbent material. These parameters were varied from (1-100) mg/l, (10-100) cm, (1-8), (1-60) min, (5-100) ml/hr, and (20-55°C The results demonstrate that for brilliant green, Congo red, crystal violent, and methylene blue dyes from aquatic solution, the highest removal efficiency was (95.81, 93.44, 96.62, and 96.35)%, respectively. and while the removal efficiencies rose with increasing absorption material bed height and feeding temperature, these efficiencies declined with increasing starting concentration and flow rate. For methylene blue, brilliant green, and crystal violent dyes, the removal efficiency rose with rising pH of solution, however it reduced for Congo red dye with increasing pH of solution. The elimination efficiency of the dyes employed in this study's dyes is integrated with all operating parameters to create a general equation using a statistical model. By doing this, we can get rid of agricultural WASTE RH as well as hazardous dyes that have tainted the water.

Background: Agricultural WASTE has been proposed as an alternative energy resource to meet fossil fuel crisis, green house emission, and other environmental impacts worldwide. In Iran, rice husk and bagasse are main resources of biomass which can be used to produce syngas. This paper deals with a simplified model of combined gasification of coal and biomass processes considering chemical equilibrium.Results: It should be noticed that the CO2 which is produced from agricultural WASTE gasification is natural because the biomass absorbs CO2 from nature and gives it back after gasifying; however, mixing agricultural WASTE with coal leads to enrich syngas quality and gasifier efficiency.Conclusions: In this regard, an advanced coding was developed to simulate the thermodynamics of the co-gasifier and to find the produced syngas composition. The effects of moisture content, steam-to-biomass ratio, and gasifier temperature are then discussed on the system performance. Additionally, co-gasification of rice husk/coal was compared with co-gasification of bagasse/coal. The results indicated that adding coal to biomass increases lower heating value of syngas from 4, 694 kJ/Nm3 to 5, 321 kJ/Nm3 and gasifier efficiency from 71.29% to 77.85%.

Background & Aims of the Study: A high nitrate and arsenic concentration in water resources represents a potential risk to the environment and public health. The present work improved a chemo-physically modified activated carbon derived from walnut shells as an adsorbent to improve nitrate and arsenic removal ability from water.Materials & Methods: To increase removal efficiency, activated carbon surface characteristics was improved by acidification. Chemical activation was achieved when the carbon was mixed with water and 5% (v/v) phosphoric acid. After adsorbent preparation, the contact time, pH, initial concentration were studied as variables.Results: The effective pH for adsorption onto activated carbon was 6.5. The results indicate that 70 s and 3 mins was sufficient time to attain equilibrium for a maximum removal efficiency of 78.44% and 98% respectively for nitrate and arsenic. The adsorption capacity of the adsorbent was 10.60 mg nitrate/g carbon and 120 mg arsenic/g carbon. Removal obeyed the Langmuir isotherm and pseudo-second-order kinetic model.Conclusion: The results show a noticeable improvement in activated walnut-shell carbon absorbance (improvement in crystalline structure, chemical bonds, and morphology of micropores) by chemo-physical activation. Chemo-physical activation increased the surface area of the adsorbent from 1067 to 1437 m2g-1 and decreased the mean pore size from 3.28 to 2.08 nm. The characterization results show the major reasons of adsorption could be structure, size and distributions of pores, high surface area and chemical bonds.

Purpose The management of household WASTEs has been a real challenge for the capital city of Cameroon for some years now. In order to adopt ecological and sustainable strategies for better management of organic fraction of solid WASTEs, the present work was aimed to propose a sustainable alternative for the recycling of household organic WASTE through a vermicomposting process. Method A vermicomposting of household organic WASTE was carried out during 46 days, preceded by 23 days of pre-composting. Then, three treatments were established by mixing epigeic earthworms with different proportion of pre-composted WASTE. Maturation parameters such as pH, electrical conductivity (EC), C/N ratio, ammonium (N-NH4+) and total organic matter (TOM) were monitored about four weeks. The agronomic quality of the vermicompost was also determined at the end. Results During pre-composting, the temperature reached a maximum of 54. 3±, 5. 4°, C suitable for the elimination of potential pathogen. The pH varied between 9. 44 and 8. 53 leading towards neutrality at the end of the vermicomposting process. The obtained mean values of C/N ratio and the TOM were respectively 11. 04-11. 68 and 25. 82-27. 19% in line with the AFNOR (NFU 44-051) guideline. The obtained vermicompost revealed high levels of nutrients such as N, P, K, Ca and Mg. The phytotoxicity test on lettuce showed germination rates above 50%, revealing the non-toxic nature of the vermicompost produced. Conclusion The vermicompost were rich in nutrients and exhibited the non-phytotoxicity. Thus, vermicomposting can be applied in the context of Cameroon to transform organic WASTE into organic fertiliser suitable for sustainable AGRICULTURE.

Purpose: Integrating vermicompost and hydroponics in rice AGRICULTURE presents an innovative and sustainable solution for transforming organic WASTE into valuable resources. This review explores the possible utilization of organic WASTE into productive resources through vermicompost and hydroponics in rice AGRICULTURE. Method: A comprehensive literature review was conducted to investigate the potential use of vermicompost derived from organic WASTE for hydroponic rice AGRICULTURE. The available literature was analyzed to reveal and explore the various aspects of this application. Results: The literature review reveals that the utilization of vermicompost derived from organic WASTE in hydroponic rice AGRICULTURE holds the potential to evolve into effective strategies for reducing, reusing, and recycling organic WASTE. Vermicompost decreases used inorganic fertilizers, with studies reporting up to 30% reductions. The application of vermicompost can enhance plant growth by approximately 15% to 30% and positively impact increasing specific nutrients in plants. Using vermicompost can also increase the average crop yield by about 5% to 25% compared to other organic materials. Conclusion: This study found that integrating vermicompost and hydroponics represents a promising approach for transforming organic WASTE into productive resources. This integration allows organic WASTE to be effectively converted into nutrient-rich vermicompost and valuable growing medium in hydroponic systems. Scientific research has demonstrated the potential benefits of this approach, including improved nutrient availability, enhanced plant growth and yield, and reduced environmental impact. By combining the nutrient-rich properties of vermicompost with the precision and efficiency of hydroponic systems, farmers can achieve sustainable and resource-efficient crop production. Highlights ⢠Earthworms effectively decompose organic WASTE into plant-available nutrients. ⢠Vermicompost significantly contributed to the growth and productivity of plants. ⢠Utilize vermicompost and hydroponics for enhanced agricultural output and eco impact. ⢠The integration of vermicompost and hydroponics in rice farming is innovative. ⢠Vermicompost from organic WASTE can be used as a planting medium in rice hydroponics.

The major purpose of this study was to examine the advantages and implications of biogas technology in the AGRICULTURE sector. Biogas is one of many biomass energy sources, which include anything that was once alive and that can generate energy (except for fossil fuels, which are not renewable). To talk of biogas is to talk of AGRICULTURE, since biogas generation starts with agricultural WASTE produce, such as cow dung, husk, straw etc. and ends with agricultural produce, use of slurry on crops. Slurry is one of the most environmentally sound organic fertilizers in use today. The information collected in this study by reviewing literatures. Renewable energy sources have a large potential to contribute to the sustainable development of specific territories by providing them with a wide variety of socioeconomic benefits, including personal/household impacts, health impacts, social, economic and environmental impacts. Biogas as an adaptive and cost-effective energy system, integrate livestock into the farming system.